See: [[concept: Values]]
Notes about the nature of Human Values by Milton Rokeach:
Sure. Milton Rokeach’s 1973 paper titled “The Nature of Human Values” is a seminal work in the field of value psychology. In this paper, Rokeach proposes a definition of values that emphasizes their affective, cognitive, and behavioral components.
Rokeach defines values as “enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is preferable to other modes of conduct and end-states of existence.” This definition highlights three important aspects of values:
- Affective component: Values have an affective component, meaning that they are associated with feelings of like or dislike. For example, the value of “honesty” is likely to be associated with feelings of positive affect, such as happiness and satisfaction.
- Cognitive component: Values have a cognitive component, meaning that they are associated with beliefs about what is important in life. For example, the value of “honesty” is likely to be associated with the belief that it is important to be truthful and trustworthy.
- Behavioral component: Values have a behavioral component, meaning that they influence our behavior. For example, the value of “honesty” is likely to lead us to behave in honest and trustworthy ways.
Rokeach argues that these three components are essential to understanding values. He also argues that values are hierarchical, meaning that some values are more important than others. The most important values are called core values, and they tend to be more stable and resistant to change than other values.
Rokeach’s definition of values has been influential in the field of value psychology. It has been used to develop a number of different measures of values, and it has been used to study the relationship between values and a wide range of psychological and behavioral outcomes.
In addition to his definition of values, Rokeach also proposed a two-dimensional model of values. In this model, values are classified as either terminal or instrumental. Terminal values are end-states of existence, such as happiness, freedom, and wisdom. Instrumental values are modes of conduct, such as honesty, responsibility, and courage.
Rokeach’s two-dimensional model of values has been widely used in research on values. It has been used to study the relationship between values and personality, values and political ideology, and values and health.
Rokeach’s work on values has had a significant impact on our understanding of values. His definition of values has been influential in the field of value psychology, and his two-dimensional model of values has been widely used in research on values. Rokeach’s work has helped us to understand the complex nature of values, and it has provided a framework for studying the role of values in our lives.